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In quantum field theory the vacuum expectation value (also called condensate or simply VEV) of an operator is its average or expectation value in the vacuum. The vacuum expectation value of an operator O is usually denoted by . One of the most widely used examples of an observable physical effect that results from the vacuum expectation value ...
A vacuum can be viewed not as empty space but as the combination of all zero-point fields. In quantum field theory this combination of fields is called the vacuum state, its associated zero-point energy is called the vacuum energy and the average energy value is called the vacuum expectation value (VEV) also called its condensate.
Then = is the non-vanishing vacuum expectation value of the Higgs field. has units of mass, and it is the only parameter in the Standard Model that is not dimensionless. It is also much smaller than the Planck scale and about twice the Higgs mass, setting the scale for the mass of all other particles in the Standard Model.
If this field has a vacuum expectation value, it points in some direction in field space. Without loss of generality, one can choose the z -axis in field space to be the direction that ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is pointing, and then the vacuum expectation value of ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } is (0, 0, à ) , where à is a constant with dimensions ...
In quantum field theory, correlation functions, often referred to as correlators or Green's functions, are vacuum expectation values of time-ordered products of field operators. They are a key object of study in quantum field theory where they can be used to calculate various observables such as S-matrix elements.
In quantum field theory, the quantum effective action is a modified expression for the classical action taking into account quantum corrections while ensuring that the principle of least action applies, meaning that extremizing the effective action yields the equations of motion for the vacuum expectation values of the quantum fields.
The video of an experiment showing vacuum fluctuations (in the red ring) amplified by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.. If the quantum field theory can be accurately described through perturbation theory, then the properties of the vacuum are analogous to the properties of the ground state of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, or more accurately, the ground state of a measurement ...
The field strength of vacuum energy is a concept proposed in a theoretical study that explores the nature of the vacuum and its relationship to gravitational interactions. The study derived a mathematical framework that uses the field strength of vacuum energy as an indicator of the bulk (spacetime) resistance to localized curvature.