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It was not until Anselm, with his satisfaction theory of atonement, that a theory of atonement was specifically articulated. [4] The moral influence theory was developed, or most notably propagated, by Abelard (1079–1142), [1] [2] [note 1] as an alternative to Anselm's satisfaction theory.
English Reformed Baptist theologian John Gill (1697-1771) staunchly defended the five points in his work The Cause of God and Truth. [48] The work was a lengthy counter to contemporary Anglican Arminian priest Daniel Whitby, who had been attacking Calvinist doctrine.
The Drunkard's Progress: by Nathaniel Currier 1846, warns that moderate drinking leads, step-by-step, to total disaster.. Moralism is a philosophy that arose in the 19th century that concerns itself with imbuing society with a certain set of morals, usually traditional behaviour, but also "justice, freedom, and equality". [1]
Calvin continued the Augustinian approach that sin is the result of the fall of man, and argued that the human mind, will, and affections are corrupted by sin. He believed that only the grace of God is sufficient to provide humans with ongoing ethical guidance, arguing that reason is blinded by humans' sinful nature. [ 31 ]
A Georgia State University study published in the academic journal Theoretical Criminology suggests that religion helps criminals to justify their crimes and might "encourage" it. [56] The research concluded that "many street offenders anticipate an early death, making them less prone to delay gratification, more likely to discount the future ...
This doctrine of philosophical sin was censured as scandalous, temerarious, and erroneous by Pope Alexander VIII in 1690 in his condemnation of the following proposition: "Philosophical or moral sin is a human act not in agreement with rational nature and right reason; theological and mortal sin is a free transgression of the Divine law.
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The latter finding suggests that the direction of causality is the opposite of what moral foundations theorists assume: moral judgments are produced by motivated reasoning anchored in political beliefs, rather than political beliefs being produced by moral intuitions.