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The land-based subductive waste disposal method proposes disposing of nuclear waste in a subduction zone accessible from land. This method is not restricted by international treaties and is recognized as a feasible and advanced technology for nuclear waste disposal. [22] [23] [24]
This method has been described as the most viable means of disposing of radioactive waste, [91] and as the state-of-the-art as of 2001 in nuclear waste disposal technology. [ 92 ] Another approach termed Remix & Return [ 93 ] would blend high-level waste with uranium mine and mill tailings down to the level of the original radioactivity of the ...
There has only been the disposal of low level radioactive waste (LLW) thus far in terms of ocean dumping as high level waste has been strictly prohibited. Ocean floor disposal (or sub-seabed disposal)—a more deliberate method of delivering radioactive waste to the ocean floor and depositing it into the seabed—was studied by the United ...
KBS-3 is also to be used in Finland at the Onkalo spent nuclear fuel repository, being built by Posiva. The disposal method consists of the following steps: [1] The waste is first stored in intermediate storage for 30 years. The waste is encapsulated in cast iron canisters. The cast iron canisters are encapsulated in copper (CuOFP alloy) capsules.
Deep borehole disposal (DBD) is the concept of disposing high-level radioactive waste from nuclear reactors in extremely deep boreholes instead of in more traditional deep geological repositories that are excavated like mines. Deep borehole disposal seeks to place the waste as much as five kilometres (3 mi) beneath the surface of the Earth and ...
An act to provide for the development of repositories for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, to establish a program of research, development, and demonstration regarding the disposal of high-level radioactive waste and spent nuclear fuel, and for other purposes. Enacted by: the 97th United States Congress ...
Switzerland has a central fund for decommissioning its five nuclear power reactors, and another one for disposal the nuclear waste. [23] Germany has also a state-owned fund for decommissioning of the plants and managing radioactive waste, for which the reactor owners have to pay.
In 1972, the London Dumping Convention restricted ocean disposal of radioactive waste and in 1993, ocean disposal of radioactive waste was completely banned. The US Navy began a study on scrapping nuclear submarines; two years later shallow land burial of reactor compartments was selected as the most suitable option.