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Seven sovereign states – Argentina, Australia, Chile, France, New Zealand, Norway, and the United Kingdom – have made eight territorial claims in Antarctica.These countries have tended to place their Antarctic scientific observation and study facilities within their respective claimed territories; however, a number of such facilities are located outside of the area claimed by their ...
The Antarctic territorial claims are divided into sectors, in accordance to the sector principle. Boundary in the Barents Sea between Norway and Russia, settled in 2010. The sector principle, also known as the sector theory, [1] is a principle in international law which asserts that territorial claims in the polar regions should be determined by longitude lines.
Currently there are seven nations who maintain a territorial claim in Antarctica.It is sometimes stated that the Antarctic Treaty defers or suspends these claims. However, Article IV of the treaty, which deals with the issue of territorial claims, merely specifies that previously asserted claims are not affected by the treaty.
Under the 1961 Antarctic Treaty, of which all territorial claimants are signatories, including New Zealand, all claims are held in abeyance. Article IV states: "No acts or activities taking place while the present Treaty is in force shall constitute a basis for asserting, supporting or denying a claim to territorial sovereignty in Antarctica or ...
The central ideas with full acceptance were the freedom of scientific research in Antarctica and the peaceful use of the continent. There was also a consensus for demilitarization and the maintenance of the status quo. The treaty prohibits nuclear testing, military operations, economic exploitation, and territorial claims in Antarctica.
The unclaimed areas of Antarctica, including all of Marie Byrd Land. Terra nullius (/ ˈ t ɛr ə ˈ n ʌ l ɪ ə s /, [1] plural terrae nullius) is a Latin expression meaning "nobody's land". [2] Since the nineteenth century it has occasionally been used in international law as a principle to justify claims that territory may be acquired by a ...
However, the Australian proclamation of an Antarctic EEZ is contested. The effect of Article IV of the 1959 Antarctic Treaty (which prohibits new territorial claims or the extension of existing claims in the Antarctic) would seem to be that an EEZ cannot be claimed in relation to territory to which that Treaty applies (south of 60° South).
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