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  2. Cognitive distortion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_distortion

    The "all-or-nothing thinking distortion" is also referred to as "splitting", [20] "black-and-white thinking", [2] and "polarized thinking." [21] Someone with the all-or-nothing thinking distortion looks at life in black and white categories. [15] Either they are a success or a failure; either they are good or bad; there is no in-between.

  3. Splitting (psychology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Splitting_(psychology)

    Splitting, also called binary thinking, dichotomous thinking, black-and-white thinking, all-or-nothing thinking, or thinking in extremes, is the failure in a person's thinking to bring together the dichotomy of both perceived positive and negative qualities of something into a cohesive, realistic whole.

  4. Cognitive restructuring - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_restructuring

    Cognitive restructuring (CR) is a psychotherapeutic process of learning to identify and dispute irrational or maladaptive thoughts known as cognitive distortions, [1] such as all-or-nothing thinking (splitting), magical thinking, overgeneralization, magnification, [1] and emotional reasoning, which are commonly associated with many mental health disorders. [2]

  5. Disconfirmed expectancy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disconfirmed_expectancy

    Disconfirmed expectancy is a psychological term for what is commonly known as a failed prophecy.According to the American social psychologist Leon Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance, disconfirmed expectancies create a state of psychological discomfort because the outcome contradicts expectancy.

  6. List of cognitive biases - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cognitive_biases

    People may base their expectations and perceptions of a robot on its appearance (form) and attribute functions which do not necessarily mirror the true functions of the robot. [96] Fundamental pain bias The tendency for people to believe they accurately report their own pain levels while holding the paradoxical belief that others exaggerate it ...

  7. Beck's cognitive triad - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beck's_cognitive_triad

    A diagram showing Beck's cognitive triad. Beck's cognitive triad, also known as the negative triad, [1] [2] is a cognitive-therapeutic view of the three key elements of a person's belief system present in depression.

  8. 8 common money mindsets holding you back — and tips for ...

    www.aol.com/finance/money-mindsets-holding-you...

    When it comes to money, it always helps to take a step back, acknowledge your emotions and weigh the risks and rewards. Hear an expert's take on 8 common mindsets that could be holding you back ...

  9. Derailment (thought disorder) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derailment_(thought_disorder)

    The phrase knight's move thinking was first used in the context of pathological thinking by the psychologist Peter McKellar in 1957, who hypothesized that individuals with schizophrenia fail to suppress divergent associations. [4] Derailment was used with this meaning by Kurt Schneider in 1959. [9]