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Transfer payments to (persons) as a percent of federal revenue in the United States Transfer payments to (persons + business) in the United States. In macroeconomics and finance, a transfer payment (also called a government transfer or simply fiscal transfer) is a redistribution of income and wealth by means of the government making a payment, without goods or services being received in return ...
As a subfield of public economics, fiscal federalism is concerned with "understanding which functions and instruments are best centralized and which are best placed in the sphere of decentralized levels of government" (Oates, 1999). In other words, it is the study of how competencies (expenditure side) and fiscal instruments (revenue side) are ...
In Keynesian economics, the transfer payments multiplier (or transfer payment multiplier) is the multiplier by which aggregate demand will increase when there is an increase in transfer payments (e.g., welfare spending, unemployment payments). [1] Transfer payments are not in the same theoretical category as government spending on goods and ...
Cash transfer programmes in developing countries are constrained by three factors: financial resources, institutional capacity and ideology. [3] Governments in poorer countries tend to have restricted financial resources, and are therefore limited in the amount they can invest both directly in cash transfers and in measures to ensure that such programmes are effective. [3]
As a subject of study, it is the branch of economics which assesses the government revenue and government expenditure of the public authorities and the adjustment of one or the other to achieve desirable effects and avoid undesirable ones. [2]
The objectives of income redistribution are to increase economic stability and opportunity for the less wealthy members of society and thus usually include the funding of public services. One basis for redistribution is the concept of distributive justice , whose premise is that money and resources ought to be distributed in such a way as to ...
Symbiosis (mutualism) appears in fiction, especially science fiction, as a plot device. It is distinguished from parasitism in fiction, a similar theme, by the mutual benefit to the organisms involved, whereas the parasite inflicts harm on its host. [1]
Public economics (or economics of the public sector) is the study of government policy through the lens of economic efficiency and equity. Public economics builds on the theory of welfare economics and is ultimately used as a tool to improve social welfare. Welfare can be defined in terms of well-being, prosperity, and overall state of being.