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  2. Bipolar junction transistor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bipolar_junction_transistor

    Simplified cross section of a planar NPN bipolar junction transistor. BJTs consists of three differently doped semiconductor regions: the emitter region, the base region and the collector region. These regions are, respectively, p type, n type and p type in a PNP transistor, and n type, p type and n type in an NPN transistor.

  3. Open collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_collector

    For an NPN open emitter output, the collector is connected to the positive voltage rail, so the emitter outputs a high voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off. For a PNP open emitter output, the collector is connected to the low voltage supply, so the emitter outputs a low voltage when the transistor is on and is hi-Z when off.

  4. Common collector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common_collector

    Figure 3: PNP version of the emitter-follower circuit, all polarities are reversed. A small voltage change on the input terminal will be replicated at the output (depending slightly on the transistor's gain and the value of the load resistance; see gain formula below). This circuit is useful because it has a large input impedance

  5. Sziklai pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sziklai_pair

    Alternately, if a germanium PNP device was used, it would have significantly different characteristics than the silicon NPN transistor. In the quasi-complementary topology, the performance of the lower pull pair, which uses a single NPN transistor, more closely matches the performance of the upper push pair, which consists of two NPN ...

  6. Integrated injection logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_injection_logic

    Typically, an inverter consists of an NPN transistor with the emitter connected to ground and the base biased with a forward current from the current source. The input is supplied to the base as either a current sink (low logic level) or as a high-z floating condition (high logic level).

  7. Photodiode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photodiode

    The passive-pixel sensor (PPS) is a type of photodiode array. It was the precursor to the active-pixel sensor (APS). [20] A passive-pixel sensor consists of passive pixels which are read out without amplification, with each pixel consisting of a photodiode and a MOSFET switch. [24]

  8. Diode–transistor logic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode–transistor_logic

    Thus for example a NPN gate driven by a PNP gate would see the threshold voltage of -6V in the middle of the range of 0V to -12V. Similarly for the PNP gate switching at 0V driven by a range of 6V to -6V. The 1401 used germanium transistors and diodes in its basic gates. [7] The 1401 also added an inductor in series with R2.

  9. Electronic component - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_component

    Sensors (detectors) are transducers that react to environmental conditions by changing their electrical properties or generating an electrical signal. The transducers listed here are single electronic components (as opposed to complete assemblies), and are passive (see Semiconductors and Tubes for active ones).

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