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Metallurgy derives from the Ancient Greek μεταλλουργός, metallourgós, "worker in metal", from μέταλλον, métallon, "mine, metal" + ἔργον, érgon, "work" The word was originally an alchemist's term for the extraction of metals from minerals, the ending -urgy signifying a process, especially manufacturing: it was discussed in this sense in the 1797 Encyclopædia ...
These elements are all transition metals in the d-block (groups 8, 9, and 10, periods 5 and 6). [1] The six platinum-group metals are ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum. They have similar physical and chemical properties, and tend to occur together in the same mineral deposits. [2]
Many material or standard specifications include a number of different UNS numbers that may be used within that specification. For example: UNS S30400 (SAE 304, Cr/Ni 18/10, Euronorm 1.4301 stainless steel) could be used to make stainless steel bars or stainless steel plates for pressure vessels or pipes . Conversely, A312 pipes could be made ...
Bronze is an alloy consisting primarily of copper, commonly with about 12–12.5% tin and often with the addition of other metals (including aluminium, manganese, nickel, or zinc) and sometimes non-metals, such as phosphorus, or metalloids, such as arsenic or silicon.
The metals of antiquity are the seven metals which humans had identified and found use for in prehistoric times in Africa, Europe and throughout Asia: [1] gold, silver, copper, tin, lead, iron, and mercury.
Water jacket furnaces typically have a higher number of smaller tuyeres than a conventional iron-making blast furnace. Typically, feedstock was fed into a water jacket furnace through a sliding door arrangement in the side of the upper furnace structure, [ 18 ] [ 4 ] but not via the top itself as in a blast furnace for iron.
Modern steels are made with varying combinations of alloy metals to fulfil many purposes. [7] Carbon steel , composed simply of iron and carbon, accounts for 90% of steel production. [ 5 ] Low alloy steel is alloyed with other elements, usually molybdenum , manganese, chromium, or nickel, in amounts of up to 10% by weight to improve the ...
contains 4.5% aluminium, 2% molybdenum, 1.6% vanadium, 0.5% iron, and 0.3% silicon. Grade 36 contains 45% niobium. Grade 37 contains 1.5% aluminium. Grade 38 contains 4% aluminium, 2.5% vanadium, and 1.5% iron. This grade was developed in the 1990s for use as an armor plating. The iron reduces the amount of Vanadium needed as a beta stabilizer.