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In well control, differential pressure is defined as the difference between the formation pressure and the bottom hole hydrostatic pressure. [12] These are classified as overbalanced, underbalanced or balanced. Overbalanced – The hydrostatic pressure exerted on the bottom of the hole is greater than the formation pressure. i.e. HP > FP
Formation fluid can enter the wellbore if the pressure exerted by the column of drilling fluid is not great enough to overcome the pressure exerted by the fluids in the formation being drilled (pore pressure). [1] [2] Oil well control also includes monitoring a well for signs of impending influx of formation fluid into the wellbore during ...
A diagram of a pumpjack. A pumpjack is the overground drive for a reciprocating piston pump in an oil well. [1] It is used to mechanically lift liquid out of the well if there is not enough bottom hole pressure for the liquid to flow all the way to the surface. The arrangement is often used for onshore wells. Pumpjacks are common in oil-rich areas.
It works on the principle that the hydrostatic head of the "kill fluid" or "kill mud" will be enough to suppress the pressure of the formation fluids. Well kills may be planned in the case of advanced interventions such as workovers, or be contingency operations. The situation calling for a well kill will dictate the method taken.
A blowout is the uncontrolled release of crude oil and/or natural gas from an oil well or gas well after pressure control systems have failed. [1] Modern wells have blowout preventers intended to prevent such an occurrence. An accidental spark during a blowout can lead to a catastrophic oil or gas fire.
A pressure switch will have a hysteresis, that is, a differential range around its setpoint, known as the switch's deadband, inside which small changes of pressure do not influence the state of the contacts. Some types allow adjustment of the differential. [1] The pressure-sensing element of a pressure switch may be arranged to respond to the ...
The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment. [1] While drilling the oil well, surface pressure control is provided by a blowout preventer (BOP).
Injected gas aerates the fluid to reduce its density; the formation pressure is then able to lift the oil column and forces the fluid out of the wellbore. Gas may be injected continuously or intermittently, depending on the producing characteristics of the well and the arrangement of the gas-lift equipment. [1]