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The attractive force draws molecules closer together and gives a real gas a tendency to occupy a smaller volume than an ideal gas. Which interaction is more important depends on temperature and pressure (see compressibility factor). In a gas, the distances between molecules are generally large, so intermolecular forces have only a small effect.
More broadly, intermolecular forces have several possible contributions. They are ordered from strongest to weakest: A repulsive component resulting from the Pauli exclusion principle that prevents close contact of atoms, or the collapse of molecules.
Interaction energy of an argon dimer.The long-range section is due to London dispersion forces. London dispersion forces (LDF, also known as dispersion forces, London forces, instantaneous dipole–induced dipole forces, fluctuating induced dipole bonds [1] or loosely as van der Waals forces) are a type of intermolecular force acting between atoms and molecules that are normally electrically ...
Non-covalent interactions can be classified into different categories, such as electrostatic, π-effects, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic effects. [ 3 ] [ 2 ] Non-covalent interactions [ 4 ] are critical in maintaining the three-dimensional structure of large molecules, such as proteins and nucleic acids .
An intramolecular force (from Latin intra-'within') is any force that binds together the atoms making up a molecule. [1] Intramolecular forces are stronger than the intermolecular forces that govern the interactions between molecules.
Pages in category "Intermolecular forces" The following 44 pages are in this category, out of 44 total. This list may not reflect recent changes. A. Adhesion;
In condensed matter physics and physical chemistry, the Lifshitz theory of van der Waals forces, sometimes called the macroscopic theory of van der Waals forces, is a method proposed by Evgeny Mikhailovich Lifshitz in 1954 for treating van der Waals forces between bodies which does not assume pairwise additivity of the individual intermolecular forces; that is to say, the theory takes into ...
The strong interaction, or strong nuclear force, is the most complicated interaction, mainly because of the way it varies with distance. The nuclear force is powerfully attractive between nucleons at distances of about 1 femtometre (fm, or 10 −15 metres), but it rapidly decreases to insignificance at distances beyond about 2.5 fm. At ...