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Obsidian has also been found in Gilat, a site in the western Negev in Israel. Eight obsidian artifacts dating to the Chalcolithic Age found at this site were traced to obsidian sources in Anatolia. Neutron activation analysis (NAA) on the obsidian found at this site helped to reveal trade routes and exchange networks previously unknown. [52]
In fact, the mountains are named for the numerous deposits of obsidian found on their slopes. [ 2 ] [ 8 ] [ 24 ] There is a wide variety of high-quality obsidian found in the area including jet black, brown, green, red fire, pumpkin, mahogany, midnight lace, rainbow, gold sheen, silver sheen, and snowflake as well as several double flow varieties.
Golludag obsidian was mined, processed and traded to distant areas as far as Cyprus, and Syria. A 40,000-year-old obsidian tool was found in Syria that was made from Golludag obsidian. [3] The areas where obsidian was processed locally may be the earliest such workshops in the world.
In 2018, evidence dating to about 320,000 years ago was found at Olorgesailie of the early emergence of complex and modern behaviors, possibly associated with early Homo sapiens, including: the trade and long-distance transportation of resources (such as obsidian), the use of pigments, and the possible making of projectile points.
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The Chivay obsidian source (15.6423° S, 71.5355° W, 4972 masl) is the geological origin of a chemical group of obsidian that is found throughout the south-central Andean highlands including southern Peru and western Bolivia.
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Helenite, also known as Mount St. Helens obsidian, emerald obsidianite, and ruby obsidianite, is a glass made from the fused volcanic rock dust from Mount St. Helens and marketed as a gemstone. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Helenite was first created accidentally after the eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 .