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  2. Optic nerve hypoplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_nerve_hypoplasia

    The optic disc appears abnormally small, because not all the optic nerve axons have developed properly. [1] It is often associated with endocrinopathies (hormone deficiencies), developmental delay, and brain malformations. [2] The optic nerve, which is responsible for transmitting visual signals from the retina to the brain, has approximately 1 ...

  3. Morning glory disc anomaly - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morning_glory_disc_anomaly

    The morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA) is a congenital deformity resulting from failure of the optic nerve to completely form in utero. [1] The term was coined in 1970 by Kindler, noting a resemblance of the malformed optic nerve to the morning glory flower. [2] The condition is usually unilateral. [3]

  4. Amsler grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsler_grid

    Amsler grid, Chart 1. There are 7 types of Amsler grid charts. All charts measure 10 cm × 10 cm (3.9 in × 3.9 in), which when viewed at a distance of 33 cm (13 in) from the eye can be used to measure defects in the central 20 degrees of the visual field. [3]

  5. Septo-optic dysplasia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septo-optic_dysplasia

    Developmental delays are more common in children with bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia than those with unilateral optic nerve hypoplasia. [6] Bilateral optic nerve hypoplasia is also associated with a more severe disease course. [7] There may be nystagmus (involuntary eye movements, often side-to-side). [6] In cases of bilateral optic nerve ...

  6. Optic neuropathy - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optic_neuropathy

    The optic nerve can be damaged when exposed to direct or indirect injury. Direct optic nerve injuries are caused by trauma to the head or orbit that crosses normal tissue planes and disrupts the anatomy and function of the optic nerve; e.g., a bullet or forceps that physically injures the optic nerve.

  7. Visual pathway lesions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_pathway_lesions

    The optic tract is a continuation of the optic nerve that relays information from the optic chiasm to the ipsilateral lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN), pretectal nuclei, and superior colliculus. [14] The optic tract represents the first stage in the visual pathway in which visual information is transferred in a homonymous nature. [ 15 ]

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  9. Retinoblastoma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinoblastoma

    MRI pattern of retinoblastoma with optic nerve involvement (sagittal enhanced T1-weighted sequence) 1. Persistent fetal vasculature is a congenital developmental anomaly of the eye resulting from failure of the embryological, primary vitreous, and hyaloid vasculature to regress, whereby the eye is shorter, develops a cataract, and may present ...

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