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If we categorize words by the first letter and recall them through the same process, this would show more support for the representative heuristic than the availability heuristic. Based on the possibility of explanations such as these, some researchers have claimed that the classic studies on the availability heuristic are too vague in that ...
A concept's availability can be affected by how recently and how frequently it has been brought to mind. In one study, subjects were given partial sentences to complete. The words were selected to activate the concept either of hostility or of kindness: a process known as priming. They then had to interpret the behavior of a man described in a ...
Occurs when a judgment has to be made (of a target attribute) that is computationally complex, and instead a more easily calculated heuristic attribute is substituted. This substitution is thought of as taking place in the automatic intuitive judgment system, rather than the more self-aware reflective system. Curse of knowledge
See the judgment of Lord Holt CJ in Ashby v White. ubi jus ibi remedium: wherever a right exists there is also a remedy See the judgment of Lord Holt CJ in Ashby v White. [16] [17] Some legal scholars find it reflected in the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. [18] ultra vires: beyond the powers
Historical fallacy – believing that certain results occurred only because a specific process was performed, though said process may actually be unrelated to the results. [35] Baconian fallacy – supposing that historians can obtain the "whole truth" via induction from individual pieces of historical evidence. The "whole truth" is defined as ...
The dual-process theory of moral judgement asserts that moral decisions are the product of either one of two distinct mental processes. The automatic-emotional process is fast and unconscious, which gives way to intuitive behaviours and judgments. The factors affecting moral judgment of this type may be consciously inaccessible. [11]
There are more sophisticated judgment strategies that result in fewer errors. People often reason based on availability but sometimes they look for other, more accurate, information to make judgments. [32] This suggests there are two ways of thinking, known as the Dual-Process Model. [33]
Gigerenzer & Gaissmaier (2011) state that sub-sets of strategy include heuristics, regression analysis, and Bayesian inference. [14]A heuristic is a strategy that ignores part of the information, with the goal of making decisions more quickly, frugally, and/or accurately than more complex methods (Gigerenzer and Gaissmaier [2011], p. 454; see also Todd et al. [2012], p. 7).