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Intense thermal radiation at the hypocenter forms a nuclear fireball which, if the explosion is low enough in altitude, is often associated with a mushroom cloud. In a high-altitude burst where the density of the atmosphere is low, more energy is released as ionizing gamma radiation and X-rays than as an atmosphere-displacing shockwave.
These materials let off nuclear radiation in the form of residual radiation. [8] In the event of a nuclear attack, a human body can be irradiated by at least three processes. The first, and most significant, cause of burns is thermal radiation and not caused by ionizing radiation. Thermal burns from infrared heat radiation, these would be the ...
Pantex is the primary United States nuclear weapons assembly and disassembly facility that aims to maintain the safety, security and reliability of the U.S. nuclear weapons stockpile. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The facility is named for its location in the Panhandle of Texas on a 16,000-acre (25 sq mi; 65 km 2 ) site 20 miles (32 km) northeast of Amarillo ...
Here's a sneak peak of what would happen to Times Square: The visualization relies on data from Stevens Institute of Technology professor Alex Wallerstein, who created a "Nuke Map" to measure the ...
Wellerstein's creation has garnered some popularity amongst nuclear strategists as an open source tool for calculating the costs of nuclear exchanges. [11] As of October 2024, more than 350.7 million nukes have been "dropped" on the site. [citation needed] The Nukemap was a finalist for the National Science Foundation's Visualization Challenge ...
In the initial microseconds after the explosion, a fireball is formed around the bomb by the massive numbers of thermal x-rays released by the explosion process. These x-rays cannot travel very far in standard atmosphere before reacting with molecules in the air , so the result is a fireball that rapidly forms within about 10 metres (33 ft) in ...
The nuclear accident still stands as the only accident in commercial nuclear power that led to radiation-related deaths. [58] The steam explosion and fires released approximately 5200 PBq, or at least 5 percent of the reactor core, into the atmosphere. [ 58 ]
The intense thermal flash ignited a fire at a distance of 20 nautical miles (37 km) on the island of Eneu (base island of Bikini Atoll). [6] The ensuing fallout contaminated all of the atoll, so much so that it could not be approached by JTF-7 for 24 hours after the test, and even then, exposure times were limited. [ 7 ]