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Considering the generally accepted dates of authorship for all of the canonical New Testament works (c. 100 CE), as well as the various witnesses to canonicity extant among the writings of Ignatius, Polycarp, Irenaeus, etc., the four gospels and letters of Paul were held by the gentile Christian community as scriptural, and 200 years were ...
A collection of sayings of Jesus given secretly to the apostles. Some of the sayings are known from the canonical Gospels. Greek papyri of similar content known since the beginning of the twentieth century are P.Oxy. 1, P.Oxy. 654, P.Oxy. 655. 08: 3: The Gospel of Philip: 51–86: Gos. Phil. A Valentinian text that is a collection of discourses ...
Some scholars say Gnosticism may contain historical information about Jesus from the Gnostic viewpoint, [3] though the majority predominantly conclude that apocryphal sources, Gnostic or not, are later than the canonical ones and many, such as the Gospel of Thomas, depend upon or use the Synoptic Gospels. [4] [5] [6]
Gospel of Basilides – composed in Egypt around 120-140 AD, thought to be a Gnostic gospel harmony of the canonical gospels. [4] Gospel of Truth (Valentinian) – mid-2nd century, departed from earlier Gnostic works by admitting and defending the physicality of Christ and his resurrection.
The historical reliability of the Gospels is evaluated by experts who have not reached complete consensus. While all four canonical gospels contain some sayings and events that may meet at least one of the five criteria for historical reliability used in biblical studies, [note 1] the assessment and evaluation of these elements is a matter of ongoing debate.
Works preserved by the Church: Acts of Thomas (Especially Hymn of the Pearl or The Hymn of the Robe of Glory) The Acts of John (Especially The Hymn of Jesus) The Bruce Codex (purchased in 1769 by James Bruce): Books of Jeu, also known as The Gnosis of the Invisible God; The Untitled Text; The Askew Codex (British Museum, bought in 1784):
It is not a "gospel" in the sense of an account of the works of Jesus of Nazareth, but is better understood as a homily. The text is generally considered by scholars one of the best written texts in the whole Nag Hammadi collection, considering its worth highly as both a great literary work and a gnostic exegesis on several gospels, canonical ...
Considered by some as one of the earliest accounts of the teachings of Jesus, the Gospel of Thomas is regarded by some scholars as one of the most important texts in understanding early Christianity outside the New Testament. [97] In terms of faith, however, no major Christian group accepts this gospel as canonical or authoritative.
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