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The Emergency in India was a 21-month period from 1975 to 1977 when Prime Minister Indira Gandhi declared a state of emergency across the country by citing internal and external threats to the country.
The phrase Emergency period used loosely, when referring to the political history of India, often refers to this third and the most controversial of the three occasions. In 1978, the Forty-fourth Amendment of the Constitution of India , substituted the words "armed rebellion" for "internal disturbance" in Article 352, making the term more ...
Year Date Event 4,000,000 – 100,000 BCE Tools crafted by proto-humans that have been dated back two million years have been discovered in the northwestern subcontinent. [1] [2] The earliest archaeological site in the subcontinent is the palaeolithic hominid site in the Soan River valley. [3]
The Emergency of 25 June 1975 – 21 March 1977 was a 21-month period when President Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed, upon advice by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, declared a national emergency under Article 352 of the Constitution of India, effectively bestowing on her the power to rule by decree, suspending elections and civil liberties.
The elections in India's largest state Uttar Pradesh, historically a Congress(R) stronghold, turned against Gandhi. Dhanagare says the structural reasons included the emergence of a strong and united opposition, disunity and weariness within the Congress(R), an effective opposition and the failure of Gandhi in controlling the mass media, which ...
The Thirty-eighth Amendment of the Constitution of India, officially known as The Constitution (Thirty-eighth Amendment) Act, 1975, made the declaration of "The Emergency" final and conclusive. In particular it codified and enlarged the State's power to remove fundamental rights from its citizens during states of emergency. [1]
3 December The Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 begins as Pakistan attacks 9 Indian airbases. The next day India launches a massive invasion of East Pakistan. Indira Gandhi declares State of emergency in India for the second time, following external aggression. [6] The Indian navy destroyer INS Rajput sinks Pakistani submarine PNS Ghazi (former USS ...
On 8 July 2003, Government of Tamil Nadu issued an order (G.O.323) for the constitution of a state disaster management authority (SDMA) under the Department of Revenue. The department was to be headed by the Chief Secretary and would help in preparing, mitigation and response to disasters. [ 1 ]