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A modern high-gain UHF Yagi television antenna with 17 directors, and one reflector (made of four rods) shaped as a corner reflector Drawing of Yagi–Uda VHF television antenna from 1954, used for analog channels 2–4, 54–72 MHz (U.S. channels).
In its use as a television antenna, it was common to combine a log-periodic design for VHF with a Yagi for UHF, with both halves being roughly equal in size. This resulted in much higher gain for UHF, typically on the order of 10 to 14 dB on the Yagi side and 6.5 dB for the log-periodic. [5]
Since it is constructed from dipoles, often its antenna gain is expressed in dB d, but listed only as dB. This ambiguity is undesirable with respect to engineering specifications. A Yagi–Uda antenna's maximum directivity is 8.77 dB d = 10.92 dB i. Its gain necessarily must be less than this by the factor η, which must be negative in units of dB.
The oldest and most widely used (at least in the United States) indoor antenna is the rabbit ears or bunny ears, which are often provided with new television sets. [6] It is a simple half-wave dipole antenna used to receive the VHF television bands, consisting in the US of 54 to 88 MHz ( band I ) and 174 to 216 MHz ( band III ), with ...
The addition of parasitic elements gives a diminishing improvement in the antenna's gain. [2] Adding a reflector to a dipole, to make a 2 element Yagi, increases the gain by about 5 dB over the dipole. Adding a director to this, to give a 3 element Yagi, gives a gain of about 7 dB over a dipole.
When considering an antenna's directional pattern, gain with respect to a dipole does not imply a comparison of that antenna's gain in each direction to a dipole's gain in that direction. Rather, it is a comparison between the antenna's gain in each direction to the peak gain of the dipole (1.64). In any direction, therefore, such numbers are 2 ...
A quad antenna is a type of directional wire radio antenna used on the HF and VHF bands. A quad is a Yagi–Uda antenna ("Yagi") made from loop elements instead of dipoles: It consists of a driven element and one or more parasitic elements; however in a quad, each of the loop elements may be square, round
The Yagi produces a fairly large gain (depending on the number of passive elements) and is widely used as a directional antenna with an antenna rotor to control the direction of its beam. It suffers from having a rather limited bandwidth, restricting its use to certain applications.
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