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In number theory, Artin's conjecture on primitive roots states that a given integer a that is neither a square number nor −1 is a primitive root modulo infinitely many primes p. The conjecture also ascribes an asymptotic density to these primes. This conjectural density equals Artin's constant or a rational multiple thereof.
That is, g is a primitive root modulo n if for every integer a coprime to n, there is some integer k for which g k ≡ a (mod n). Such a value k is called the index or discrete logarithm of a to the base g modulo n. So g is a primitive root modulo n if and only if g is a generator of the multiplicative group of integers modulo n.
Artin's conjecture on primitive roots; The (now proved) conjecture that finite fields are quasi-algebraically closed; see Chevalley–Warning theorem; The (now disproved) conjecture that any algebraic form over the p-adics of degree d in more than d 2 variables represents zero: that is, that all p-adic fields are C 2; see Ax–Kochen theorem or ...
This sequence is the set of primes p such that 10 is a primitive root modulo p. Artin's conjecture on primitive roots is that this sequence contains 37.395...% of the primes. Binary full reptend primes
Agrawal's conjecture; Andrica's conjecture; Artin's conjecture on primitive roots; B. Bateman–Horn conjecture; Brocard's conjecture; Bunyakovsky conjecture; C.
Theorem 2 — For every positive integer n there exists a primitive λ-root modulo n. Moreover, if g is such a root, then there are φ ( λ ( n ) ) {\displaystyle \varphi (\lambda (n))} primitive λ -roots that are congruent to powers of g .
For n = 1, the cyclotomic polynomial is Φ 1 (x) = x − 1 Therefore, the only primitive first root of unity is 1, which is a non-primitive n th root of unity for every n > 1. As Φ 2 (x) = x + 1, the only primitive second (square) root of unity is −1, which is also a non-primitive n th root of unity for every even n > 2.
Linear congruence theorem; Method of successive substitution; Chinese remainder theorem; Fermat's little theorem. Proofs of Fermat's little theorem; Fermat quotient; Euler's totient function. Noncototient; Nontotient; Euler's theorem; Wilson's theorem; Primitive root modulo n. Multiplicative order; Discrete logarithm; Quadratic residue. Euler's ...