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The fovea centralis is a small, central pit composed of closely packed cones in the eye.It is located in the center of the macula lutea of the retina. [1] [2]The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also called foveal vision), which is necessary in humans for activities for which visual detail is of primary importance, such as reading and driving.
The macula (/ˈmakjʊlə/) [1] or macula lutea is an oval-shaped pigmented area in the center of the retina of the human eye and in other animals. The macula in humans has a diameter of around 5.5 mm (0.22 in) and is subdivided into the umbo, foveola, foveal avascular zone, fovea, parafovea, and perifovea areas.
The human eye is a sensory organ in the visual system that reacts to visible light allowing eyesight. Other functions include maintaining the circadian rhythm, and keeping balance. Arizona Eye Model. "A" is accommodation in diopters. The eye can be considered as a living optical device.
Cones function best in relatively bright light, called the photopic region, as opposed to rod cells, which work better in dim light, or the scotopic region. Cone cells are densely packed in the fovea centralis , a 0.3 mm diameter rod-free area with very thin, densely packed cones which quickly reduce in number towards the periphery of the retina.
The foveal avascular zone (FAZ) is a region within the fovea centralis at the centre of the retina of the human eye that is devoid of retinal blood vessels. The geometric centre of the FAZ is often taken to be the centre of the macula and thus the point of fixation.
The foveola is located within a region called the macula, a yellowish, cone photoreceptor filled portion of the human retina.Approximately 0.35 mm in diameter, the foveola lies in the center of the fovea and contains only cone cells and a cone-shaped zone of Müller cells. [1]
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Illustration of the distribution of cone cells in the fovea of an individual with normal color vision (left), and a color blind (protanopic) retina. Note that the center of the fovea holds very few blue-sensitive cones. Distribution of rods and cones along a line passing through the fovea and the blind spot of a human eye [7]