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The following is the chart of the International Phonetic Alphabet, a standardized system of phonetic symbols devised and maintained by the International Phonetic Association.
Ch is a digraph in the Latin script.It is treated as a letter of its own in the Chamorro, Old Spanish, Czech, Slovak, Igbo, Uzbek, Quechua, Ladino, Guarani, Welsh, Cornish, Breton, Ukrainian Latynka, and Belarusian Łacinka alphabets.
Clicks have traditionally been described as consisting of a forward place of articulation, commonly called the click "type" or historically the "influx", and a rear place of articulation, which when combined with the quality of the click is commonly called the click "accompaniment" or historically the "efflux".
An affricate is a consonant that begins as a stop and releases as a fricative, generally with the same place of articulation (most often coronal). It is often difficult to decide if a stop and fricative form a single phoneme or a consonant pair. [1] English has two affricate phonemes, /t͜ʃ/ and /d͜ʒ/, often spelled ch and j, respectively.
This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
In the vowels chart, a separate phonetic value is given for each major dialect, alongside the words used to name their corresponding lexical sets. The diaphonemes for the lexical sets given here are based on RP and General American; they are not sufficient to express all of the distinctions found in other dialects, such as Australian English.
English she, French chou 'cabbage' Z: ʒ: voiced postalveolar fricative: French jour 'day', English pleasure: C: ç: voiceless palatal fricative: Standard German ich 'I', Icelandic hjá 'next to' j\ (jj) ʝ: voiced palatal fricative: Standard Spanish ayuda: x: x: voiceless velar fricative: Scots loch, Spanish ajo: G: ɣ: voiced velar fricative
The phonemes /x/ (written ch ) and /ɦ/ (written h ) form a special voice pair even though the places of articulation differ, e.g. vrh [vrx] ⓘ ('a throw') – vrhu [vrɦu] ⓘ ('a throw' gen.). The phoneme /x/ followed by a voiced obstruent can be realized as either [ɦ] or [ɣ], e.g. abych byl [abɪɣ.bɪl] ⓘ ('so that I would