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The history of philosophy is the field of inquiry that studies the historical development of philosophical thought. It aims to provide a systematic and chronological exposition of philosophical concepts and doctrines, as well as the philosophers who conceived them and the schools of thought to which they belong.
Peter Singer (born 1946) Moral philosopher on animal liberation, effective altruism. Bruno Latour (1947-2022) French Philosopher, anthropologist, sociologist. Camille Paglia (born 1947). Martha Nussbaum (born 1947). Political philosopher. Hans-Hermann Hoppe (born 1949). Slavoj Žižek (born 1949). German Idealism, Marxism and Lacanian ...
Philosophy of history is the philosophical study of history and its discipline. [1] The term was coined by the French philosopher Voltaire. [2] In contemporary philosophy a distinction has developed between the speculative philosophy of history and the critical philosophy of history, now referred to as analytic.
Some philosophers engage in most of their theorizing using one particular method while others employ a wider range of methods based on which one fits the specific problem investigated best. [166] Conceptual analysis is a common method in analytic philosophy. It aims to clarify the meaning of concepts by analyzing them into their component parts ...
Plato (/ ˈ p l eɪ t oʊ / PLAY-toe; [1] Greek: Πλάτων, Plátōn; born c. 428–423 BC, died 348/347 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher of the Classical period who is considered a foundational thinker in Western philosophy and an innovator of the written dialogue and dialectic forms.
The philosophes considered themselves part of a grand "republic of letters" that transcended national political boundaries. In 1784, the German philosopher Immanuel Kant summed up the program of the Enlightenment in two Latin words: sapere aude, "dare to know", meaning, have the courage to think for yourself. The philosophes used reason to ...
Philosophy is the study of general and fundamental problems concerning matters such as existence, knowledge, values, reason, mind, and language. [1] [2] It is distinguished from other ways of addressing fundamental questions (such as mysticism, myth) by being critical and generally systematic and by its reliance on rational argument. [3]
A systematic school of philosophy in its own right for the first time in history – exerted an immense and profound influence on modern Western thought in general, [142] [143] with the birth of two influential rationalistic philosophical systems of Descartes [144] [145] (who spent most of his adult life and wrote all his major work in the ...