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Unsupervised learning is a framework in machine learning where, in contrast to supervised learning, algorithms learn patterns exclusively from unlabeled data. [1] Other frameworks in the spectrum of supervisions include weak- or semi-supervision , where a small portion of the data is tagged, and self-supervision .
An autoencoder is a type of artificial neural network used to learn efficient codings of unlabeled data (unsupervised learning).An autoencoder learns two functions: an encoding function that transforms the input data, and a decoding function that recreates the input data from the encoded representation.
If one freezes the rest of the model and only finetune the last layer, one can obtain another vision model at cost much less than training one from scratch. AlexNet block diagram AlexNet is a convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture, designed by Alex Krizhevsky in collaboration with Ilya Sutskever and Geoffrey Hinton , who was Krizhevsky ...
A self-organizing map (SOM) or self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is an unsupervised machine learning technique used to produce a low-dimensional (typically two-dimensional) representation of a higher-dimensional data set while preserving the topological structure of the data.
Machine learning is commonly separated into three main learning paradigms, supervised learning, [128] unsupervised learning [129] and reinforcement learning. [130] Each corresponds to a particular learning task.
Decision trees are a popular method for various machine learning tasks. Tree learning is almost "an off-the-shelf procedure for data mining", say Hastie et al., "because it is invariant under scaling and various other transformations of feature values, is robust to inclusion of irrelevant features, and produces inspectable models.
Sparse dictionary learning has been successfully applied to various image, video and audio processing tasks as well as to texture synthesis [15] and unsupervised clustering. [16] In evaluations with the Bag-of-Words model, [17] [18] sparse coding was found empirically to outperform other coding approaches on the object category recognition tasks.
Neural model s: the most well-known unsupervised neural network is the self-organizing map and these models can usually be characterized as similar to one or more of the above models, and including subspace models when neural networks implement a form of Principal Component Analysis or Independent Component Analysis.