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α-Ketoglutarate is a component of the citric acid cycle, a cyclical metabolic pathway located in the mitochondria.This cycle supplies the energy that cells need by sequentially metabolizing (indicated by →) citrate through seven intermediate metabolites and then converting the eighth intermediate metabolite, oxaloacetate, back to citrate: [2]
Isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) (EC 1.1.1.42) and (EC 1.1.1.41) is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of isocitrate, producing alpha-ketoglutarate (α-ketoglutarate) and CO 2. This is a two-step process, which involves oxidation of isocitrate (a secondary alcohol ) to oxalosuccinate (a ketone ), followed by the ...
α-ketoglutarate + NAD + + CoA → Succinyl CoA + CO 2 + NADH Oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (α-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase) This reaction proceeds in three steps: decarboxylation of α-ketoglutarate, reduction of NAD + to NADH, and subsequent transfer to CoA, which forms the end product, succinyl CoA. ΔG°' for this reaction is -7.2 kcal mol −1.
This enzyme complex catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of branched, short-chain alpha-ketoacids. BCKDC is a member of the mitochondrial α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex family, which also includes pyruvate dehydrogenase and alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, key enzymes that function in the Krebs cycle.
α-ketoglutarate acts as the predominant amino-group acceptor and produces glutamate as the new amino acid. Aminoacid + α-ketoglutarate ↔ α-keto acid + glutamate. Glutamate's amino group, in turn, is transferred to oxaloacetate in a second transamination reaction yielding aspartate. Glutamate + oxaloacetate ↔ α-ketoglutarate + aspartate
Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate (C 5 H 4 CaO 5 •H 2 O) is a special form mineral calcium that can be used to restore calcium concentration level in the blood back to normal. Calcium-alpha-ketoglutarate binds excess phosphate and pass it as a waste, re-establishing normal balance of calcium and phosphate in the body.
Since aspartate is an amino acid, an amino radical needs to be added to the oxaloacetate. This is supplied by glutamate, which in the process is transformed into alpha-ketoglutarate by the same enzyme. The second antiporter (AGC1 or AGC2) imports glutamate from the cytosol into the matrix and exports aspartate from the matrix to the cytosol.
alpha-ketoglutaric acid, a 5-carbon ketoacid derived from glutamic acid. Alpha-ketoglutarate participates in cell signaling by functioning as a coenzyme. [6] It is commonly used in transamination reactions. Beta-keto acids, beta-ketoacids, or 3-oxoacids, such as acetoacetic acid, have the ketone group at the second carbon from the carboxylic acid.
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