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Liebig condenser. The Liebig condenser (/ ˈ l iː b ɪ ɡ /, LEE-big) [1] or straight condenser is a piece of laboratory equipment, specifically a condenser consisting of a straight glass tube surrounded by a water jacket. In typical laboratory operation, such as distillation, the condenser is clamped to a retort stand in vertical
The water-cooled condenser, which was popularized by Justus von Liebig, was invented by Weigel, Poisonnier, and Gadolin, and perfected by Göttling, all in the late 18th century. [2] Several designs that are still in common use were developed and became popular in the 19th century, when chemistry became a widely practiced scientific discipline.
The earliest laboratory condenser, a "Gegenstromkühler" (counter-flow condenser), was invented in 1771 by the Swedish-German chemist Christian Weigel. [2]By the mid-19th century, German chemist Justus von Liebig would provide his own improvements on the preceding designs of Weigel and Johann Friedrich August Göttling, with the device becoming known as the Liebig condenser.
For example, a round bottom flask, Liebig condenser, and oil bubbler with ground glass joints may be rapidly fitted together to reflux a reaction mixture. This is a large improvement compared with older methods of custom-made glassware, which was time-consuming and expensive, or the use of less chemical resistant and heat resistant corks or ...
Figure 1: Fractional distillation apparatus using a Liebig condenser. Vigreux column in a laboratory setup. A laboratory fractionating column is a piece of glassware used to separate vaporized mixtures of liquid compounds with close volatility.
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An Erlenmeyer flask is used as a receiving flask, while a Liebig condenser is used to carry out the condensation. Here the distillation head and fractionating column are combined in one piece. The apparatus shown in the diagram represents a batch distillation as opposed to a continuous distillation .
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