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The Achaeans (/ ə ˈ k iː ə n z /; Greek: Ἀχαιοί, romanized: Akhaioí) were one of the four major tribes into which Herodotus divided the Greeks, along with the Aeolians, Ionians and Dorians. They inhabited the region of Achaea in the northern Peloponnese, and played an active role in the colonization of Italy, founding the city of ...
Indeed, the knights of Achaea enjoyed a considerable reputation both in the Levant and in Western Europe. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] With the Byzantine recovery of the region around Mystras after 1261, however, the rapid extinction of the original families and the expansion of Achaean influence across Frankish Greece , the initial organization of the ...
Consequently, the Achaeans forced the Aegialians (now known as the Ionians) out of their land. [3] The Ionians took temporary refuge in Athens, and Aegialus became known as Achaea. [4] [5] It was supposedly for this reason that the region known as Achaea in Classical Greece did not correspond to Homeric references.
The Achaeans, while nominally subject to Ptolemy, were in effect independent, and controlled most of southern Greece. Athens remained aloof from this conflict by common consent. Sparta remained hostile to the Achaeans, and in 227 BC Sparta's king Cleomenes III invaded Achaea and seized control of the League. Aratus preferred distant Macedon to ...
The Cleomenean War [3] (229/228–222 BC) was fought between Sparta and the Achaean League for the control of the Peloponnese.Under the leadership of king Cleomenes III, Sparta initially had the upper hand, which forced the Achaean League to call for help the Macedonian king Antigonos Doson, who decisively defeated Cleomenes in the battle of Sellasia in 222.
Achaean domestic politics at the time played a large part in the coming about of the war. Upon the election of the populist [6] generals Critolaos and Diaeus, economic proposals were made which would relieve the debt burden of the poor, free native-born and native-bred slaves, and increase taxes on the rich, all of which, according to Polybius, had the desired effect of increasing support for ...
The Romans under Lucius Mummius defeated the Achaeans at the Battle of Corinth, razed Corinth and dissolved the League, finally putting an end to the independence of Ancient Greece from external rule and ushering in the Roman era. G.T. Griffith has written that Achaean War was "a hopeless enterprise for the Achaeans, badly led and backed by no ...
A little farther north in today's Romania the Milesians founded the cities of Histria, Argame and Apollonia. In the south of the Black Sea the most important colony was Sinope which according to prevailing opinion was founded by Miletus some time around the middle of the 7th century BC. [ 26 ]