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Management of carditis in acute rheumatic fever is controversial and based on dated literature. [55] Corticosteroids may be considered, especially in people with allergies to NSAIDs or severe disease, [ 48 ] although use of steroids may cause tissue atrophy, which could present challenges during future cardiac surgery for valve repair.
This is a shortened version of the seventh chapter of the ICD-9: Diseases of the Circulatory System. It covers ICD codes 259 to 282. The full chapter can be found on pages 215 to 258 of Volume 1, which contains all (sub)categories of the ICD-9. Volume 2 is an alphabetical index of Volume 1.
Infective endocarditis is an infection of the inner surface of the heart (endocardium), usually the valves. [1] Signs and symptoms may include fever, small areas of bleeding into the skin, heart murmur, feeling tired, and low red blood cell count.
ICD-10 is the 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), a medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). It contains codes for diseases, signs and symptoms, abnormal findings, complaints, social circumstances, and external causes of injury or diseases. [1]
Endocarditis is an inflammation of the inner layer of the heart, the endocardium. It usually involves the heart valves . Other structures that may be involved include the interventricular septum , the chordae tendineae , the mural endocardium, or the surfaces of intracardiac devices.
The nodes are commonly indicative of subacute bacterial endocarditis. [3] 10–25% of endocarditis patients will have Osler's nodes. [4] Other signs of endocarditis include Roth's spots and Janeway lesions. The latter, which also occur on the palms and soles, can be differentiated from Osler's nodes because they are non-tender. [2]
Valvular heart disease resulting from rheumatic fever is referred to as rheumatic heart disease. Acute rheumatic fever, which frequently manifests with carditis and valvulitis, [20] is a late sequela of Group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus infection in the throat, often lagging the initial infection by weeks to months. [21]
The treatment of choice is penicillin, and the duration of treatment is around 10 days. [23] Antibiotic therapy (using injected penicillin) has been shown to reduce the risk of acute rheumatic fever. [24] In individuals with a penicillin allergy, erythromycin, other macrolides, and cephalosporins have been shown to be effective treatments. [25]
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