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The parma was about 36 inches (91 cm) across (or less) and had iron in its frame, making it a very effective piece of armour. Parmae had handles and shield bosses (umbones). The parma was used by legionnaires in the early republican period of Rome's history, by the lowest class division of the army— the velites.
It had a handle and a shield boss (umbo). The parma was used in the Roman army of the mid-Republic, by the lowest class division of the army — the velites. The velites' equipment consisted of a parma, javelin, sword and helmet. Later, the parma was replaced by the scutum.
Parma (shield) S. Scutum; Shield of Aeneas; T. Testudo formation This page was last edited on 18 May 2015, at 01:00 (UTC). Text is available under the Creative ...
The scutum (Classical Latin: [ˈskuːt̪ʊ̃]; pl.:scuta) was a type of shield used among Italic peoples in antiquity, most notably by the army of ancient Rome starting about the fourth century BC. [1] The Romans adopted it when they switched from the military formation of the hoplite phalanx of the Greeks to the formation with maniples (Latin ...
During the recapture of Flanders and Brabant, Farnese improved the logistics of the Spanish army in Flanders by further investing in what is dubbed the "Spanish Road."It was a main road leading north from Habsburg holdings in Northern Italy into the Low Countries, protected by forts built at strategic intervals, to provide the army with a reliable flow of supplies.
The Roman army of the mid-Republic, also called the manipular Roman army or the Polybian army, refers to the armed forces deployed by the mid-Roman Republic, from the end of the Samnite Wars (290 BC) to the end of the Social War (88 BC).
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Zulu chief Goza and two of his councillors in war-dress, all with Nguni shields, c. 1870. The size of the shield on the chief's left arm denotes his status, and the white colour that he is a married man. [1] Wall painting depicting a Mycenaean Greek "figure eight", 15th century BC, National Archaeological Museum, Athens