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The long real line pastes together ℵ 1 * + ℵ 1 copies of the real line plus a single point (here ℵ 1 * denotes the reversed ordering of ℵ 1) to create an ordered set that is "locally" identical to the real numbers, but somehow longer; for instance, there is an order-preserving embedding of ℵ 1 in the long real line but not in the real ...
An axiomatic definition of the real numbers consists of defining them as the elements of a complete ordered field. [2] [3] [4] This means the following: The real numbers form a set, commonly denoted , containing two distinguished elements denoted 0 and 1, and on which are defined two binary operations and one binary relation; the operations are called addition and multiplication of real ...
The set of algebraic numbers is countable, [4] [5] and therefore its Lebesgue measure as a subset of the complex numbers is 0 (essentially, the algebraic numbers take up no space in the complex numbers). That is to say, "almost all" real and complex numbers are transcendental. All algebraic numbers are computable and therefore definable and ...
Computable number: A real number whose digits can be computed by some algorithm. Period: A number which can be computed as the integral of some algebraic function over an algebraic domain. Definable number: A real number that can be defined uniquely using a first-order formula with one free variable in the language of set theory.
Basic theorems in analysis hinge on the structural properties of the field of real numbers. Most importantly for algebraic purposes, any field may be used as the scalars for a vector space, which is the standard general context for linear algebra. Number fields, the siblings of the field of rational numbers, are studied in depth in number theory.
In mathematics, the set of positive real numbers, ... is aligned with the practice in algebra of denoting the exclusion of the zero element with a star, ...
The real numbers have various lattice-theoretic properties that are absent in the complex numbers. Also, the real numbers form an ordered field, in which sums and products of positive numbers are also positive. Moreover, the ordering of the real numbers is total, and the real numbers have the least upper bound property: Every nonempty subset of ...
Real algebra is the part of algebra which is relevant to real algebraic (and semialgebraic) geometry. It is mostly concerned with the study of ordered fields and ordered rings (in particular real closed fields ) and their applications to the study of positive polynomials and sums-of-squares of polynomials .
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