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  2. Reparameterization trick - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reparameterization_trick

    In this way, it is possible to backpropagate the gradient without involving stochastic variable during the update. The scheme of a variational autoencoder after the reparameterization trick. In Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), the VAE objective function, known as the Evidence Lower Bound (ELBO), is given by:

  3. Variational Bayesian methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_Bayesian_methods

    Variational Bayesian methods are a family of techniques for approximating intractable integrals arising in Bayesian inference and machine learning.They are typically used in complex statistical models consisting of observed variables (usually termed "data") as well as unknown parameters and latent variables, with various sorts of relationships among the three types of random variables, as ...

  4. Malliavin calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malliavin_calculus

    Malliavin introduced Malliavin calculus to provide a stochastic proof that Hörmander's condition implies the existence of a density for the solution of a stochastic differential equation; Hörmander's original proof was based on the theory of partial differential equations. His calculus enabled Malliavin to prove regularity bounds for the ...

  5. Stochastic calculus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_calculus

    The main flavours of stochastic calculus are the Itô calculus and its variational relative the Malliavin calculus. For technical reasons the Itô integral is the most useful for general classes of processes, but the related Stratonovich integral is frequently useful in problem formulation (particularly in engineering disciplines). The ...

  6. Adapted process - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapted_process

    Consider a stochastic process X : [0, T] × Ω → R, and equip the real line R with its usual Borel sigma algebra generated by the open sets.. If we take the natural filtration F • X, where F t X is the σ-algebra generated by the pre-images X s −1 (B) for Borel subsets B of R and times 0 ≤ s ≤ t, then X is automatically F • X-adapted.

  7. Variational message passing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variational_message_passing

    The likelihood estimate needs to be as large as possible; because it's a lower bound, getting closer ⁡ improves the approximation of the log likelihood. By substituting in the factorized version of , (), parameterized over the hidden nodes as above, is simply the negative relative entropy between and plus other terms independent of if is defined as

  8. Bernstein–von Mises theorem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernstein–von_Mises_theorem

    In Bayesian inference, the Bernstein–von Mises theorem provides the basis for using Bayesian credible sets for confidence statements in parametric models.It states that under some conditions, a posterior distribution converges in total variation distance to a multivariate normal distribution centered at the maximum likelihood estimator ^ with covariance matrix given by (), where is the true ...

  9. Bayesian experimental design - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_experimental_design

    Bayesian experimental design provides a general probability-theoretical framework from which other theories on experimental design can be derived. It is based on Bayesian inference to interpret the observations/data acquired during the experiment.