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Portal vein thrombosis, incidental PM finding. Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a vascular disease of the liver that occurs when a blood clot occurs in the hepatic portal vein, which can lead to increased pressure in the portal vein system and reduced blood supply to the liver. The mortality rate is approximately 1 in 10. [1]
Inherited disorders of hypercoagulability may lead to thrombosis of the hepatic vein and Budd–Chiari syndrome. Factor V Leiden is responsible for 8% of cases. [ 2 ] Other less common inherited disorders leading to the condition include factor II mutation (3%), protein C deficiency (5%), protein S deficiency (4%), and antithrombin III ...
The treatment for recently developed or acute hepatic artery thrombosis include anticoagulant medications, fibrinolytic therapy to break up the blood clot, or surgical revascularization. [2] If acute hepatic artery thrombosis occurs after liver transplantation, then retransplantation with a new liver may be necessary.
Portal hypertension is defined as increased portal venous pressure, with a hepatic venous pressure gradient greater than 5 mmHg. [3] [4] Normal portal pressure is 1–4 mmHg; clinically insignificant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures 5–9 mmHg; clinically significant portal hypertension is present at portal pressures greater than 10 mmHg. [5]
Once the catheter is in the hepatic vein, a wedge pressure is obtained to calculate the pressure gradient in the liver. Following this, carbon dioxide is injected to locate the portal vein. Then, a special needle known as a Colapinto is advanced through the liver parenchyma to connect the hepatic vein to the large portal vein, near the center ...
Portal vein thrombosis, liver infarction, necrosis and portal hypertension. Risks related to any percutaneous transhepatic procedures such as bleeding and infection. Accelerated tumor growth due to compensatory hepatic arterial flow and in cases when all of the tumor-bearing areas are not properly embolized.
Hepatic veno-occlusive disease (VOD) or veno-occlusive disease with immunodeficiency is a potentially life-threatening condition in which some of the small veins in the liver are obstructed. It is a complication of high-dose chemotherapy given before a bone marrow transplant and/or excessive exposure to hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids .
The deoxyenated blood then exits the liver through the hepatic vein and empties into the inferior vena cava, the vein that carries blood from the lower two-thirds of the body to the heart. The portacaval shunt connects the portal vein to the inferior vena cava, allowing blood to travel directly from the portal vein to the inferior vena cava ...
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