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An optical quantum computer with three qubits calculates the energy spectrum of molecular hydrogen to high precision. [156] The first germanium laser advances the state of optical computers. [157] A single-electron qubit is developed [158] The quantum state in a macroscopic object is reported. [159] A new quantum computer cooling method is ...
Turing Test – The British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing published a paper describing the potential development of human and computer intelligence and communication. The paper would come later to be called the Turing Test. 1950: US TIME magazine cover story on the Harvard "Mark III: Can man build a superman
In 1977 Randell published an article The First Electronic Computer in several journals. [ g ] [ 79 ] In October 2000, a 500-page technical report on the Tunny cipher and its cryptanalysis—entitled General Report on Tunny [ 80 ] —was released by GCHQ to the national Public Record Office , and it contains a fascinating paean to Colossus by ...
The first digital electronic computer was developed in the period April 1936 - June 1939, in the IBM Patent Department, Endicott, New York by Arthur Halsey Dickinson. [35] [36] [37] In this computer IBM introduced, a calculating device with a keyboard, processor and electronic output (display). The competitor to IBM was the digital electronic ...
The theoretical Turing Machine, created by Alan Turing, is a hypothetical device theorized in order to study the properties of such hardware. The mathematical foundations of modern computer science began to be laid by Kurt Gödel with his incompleteness theorem (1931).
Nitrogen is a chemical element; it has symbol N and atomic number 7. Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System.
A Cray-2 and its Fluorinert-cooling "waterfall", formerly serial number 2101, the only 8-processor system ever made, for NERSC A Cray-2 operated by NASA Front view of 1985 Supercomputer Cray-2, Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris Side view of 1985 Supercomputer Cray-2, Musée des Arts et Métiers, Paris Detail of the upper part of the Cray-2 Inside of the Cray-2
An analog computer was built by the rocket scientist Helmut Hölzer in 1942 at the Peenemünde Army Research Center to simulate [30] [31] [32] V-2 rocket trajectories. [33] [34] The Colossus (1943), [35] [36] built by Tommy Flowers, and the Atanasoff–Berry computer (1942) used thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) and binary representation of ...