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Kleptocracy (from Greek κλέπτης kléptēs, "thief", or κλέπτω kléptō, "I steal", and -κρατία-kratía from κράτος krátos, "power, rule"), also referred to as thievocracy, [1] [2] is a government whose corrupt leaders (kleptocrats) use political power to expropriate the wealth of the people and land they govern ...
The term plutocracy is generally used as a pejorative to describe or warn against an undesirable condition. [3] [4] Throughout history, political thinkers and philosophers have condemned plutocrats for ignoring their social responsibilities, using their power to serve their own purposes and thereby increasing poverty and nurturing class conflict and corrupting societies with greed and hedonism.
Term Description Examples Autocracy: Autocracy is a system of government in which supreme power (social and political) is concentrated in the hands of one person or polity, whose decisions are subject to neither external legal restraints nor regularized mechanisms of popular control (except perhaps for the implicit threat of a coup d'état or mass insurrection).
Examples include the claims of the United States as being a plutocracy rather than a democracy since some American voters believe elections are being manipulated by wealthy Super PACs. [21] Some consider that government is to be reconceptualised where in times of climatic change the needs and desires of the individual are reshaped to generate ...
For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.
Types of democracy refers to the various governance structures that embody the principles of democracy ("rule by the people") in some way. Democracy is frequently applied to governments (ranging from local to global), but may also be applied to other constructs like workplaces, families, community associations, and so forth.
In some cases, government officials have broad or ill-defined powers, which make it difficult to distinguish between legal and illegal actions. Worldwide, bribery alone is estimated to involve over 1 trillion US dollars annually. [3] A state of unrestrained political corruption is known as a kleptocracy, literally meaning "rule by thieves".
Russia's political system has been variously described as a kleptocracy, [347] an oligarchy, [348] and a plutocracy. [349] It was the lowest rated European country in Transparency International 's Corruption Perceptions Index for 2023, ranking 141st out of 180 countries. [ 350 ]