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The muddy children puzzle is the most frequently appearing induction puzzle in scientific literature on epistemic logic. [4] [5] [6] Muddy children puzzle is a variant of the well known wise men or cheating wives/husbands puzzles. [7] Hat puzzles are induction puzzle variations that date back to as early as 1961. [8]
The idea of common knowledge is often introduced by some variant of induction puzzles (e.g. Muddy children puzzle): On an island, there are k people who have blue eyes, and the rest of the people have green eyes. At the start of the puzzle, no one on the island ever knows their own eye color.
The THOG problem is one of cognitive psychologist Peter Wason's logic puzzles, constructed to show some of the weaknesses in human thinking. You are shown four symbols a black square; a white square; a black circle; a white circle; and told by the experimenter "I have picked one colour (black or white) and one shape (square or circle).
The Wason selection task (or four-card problem) is a logic puzzle devised by Peter Cathcart Wason in 1966. [1] [2] [3] It is one of the most famous tasks in the study of deductive reasoning. [4] An example of the puzzle is: You are shown a set of four cards placed on a table, each of which has a number on one side and a color on the other.
Connor is an Irish male given name, anglicised from the compound Irish word Conchobhar, meaning "justice", "master of hounds", or "lover of wolves". [1] The most prominent person with this name in medieval Ireland was the Irish king Conchobar mac Nessa, a semi-legendary king in Ulster described in the Ulster Cycle of Irish mythology, and the name was probably first anglicised to Connor by the ...
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Formulation of the judge's announcement into formal logic is made difficult by the vague meaning of the word "surprise". [1] An attempt at formulation might be: The prisoner will be hanged next week and the date (of the hanging) will not be deducible the night before from the assumption that the hanging will occur during the week (A).
Another way to change the puzzle is to restrict which colors squared make up the border colors. In the classic MacMahon squares puzzle, there are a total of 20 places on the border. [1] The number of each color that can be present on these 20 places can be described by B a,b,c [1] where a, b, and c are the number of each color of the border pieces.