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The painting depicts the meeting between the Pope Leo I and Attila the Hun, which took place in 452 in northern Italy. [1] Initially, Raphael depicted Leo I with the face of Pope Julius II but after Julius' death, [1] Raphael changed the painting to resemble the new pope, Leo X. [2] Leo X appears both as cardinal and as pope.
Pope Leo I (c. 400 – 10 November 461), also known as Leo the Great, [1] was Bishop of Rome [2] from 29 September 440 until his death. He is the first of the three Popes listed in the Annuario Pontificio with the title "the Great", [3] alongside Popes Gregory I and Nicholas I.
Attila (/ ə ˈ t ɪ l ə / ə-TIL-ə [3] or / ˈ æ t ɪ l ə / AT-il-ə; [4] c. 406 – 453), frequently called Attila the Hun, was the ruler of the Huns from 434 until his death in early 453. He was also the leader of an empire consisting of Huns, Ostrogoths , Alans , and Gepids , among others, in Central and Eastern Europe .
The meeting of Attila (left with barbarian troops) with Pope Leo I (right), the most notable pope of late antiquity. By Raphael, 1514. The Papacy in late antiquity was a period in papal history between 313, when the Peace in the Church began, and the pontificate of Simplicius in 476, when the Roman Empire of the West fell.
The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila, 1514. The Meeting of Leo the Great and Attila depicts the storied parley between the Pope and the Hun conqueror, and includes the legendary images of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in the sky bearing swords. A fully developed drawing by Raphael indicates he planned to place the pope – portrayed with Julius ...
Attila then proceeded to raid Italy, with Aetius able to do little more than harass Attila at best. It was only when an embassy including Pope Leo I arrived that Attila finally ended his invasion, likely as a result of famine, disease, and an Eastern Roman Army approaching the Hunnic settlements near the Tisza.
Valentinian sent Pope Leo I and two leading senators to negotiate with Attila. This embassy, combined with a plague among Attila's troops, the threat of famine, and news that the Eastern Emperor Marcian had launched an attack on Hun homelands along the Danube, forced Attila to turn around and leave Italy. [42]
451: The Huns under Attila facing the Romans and the Visigoths are defeated in the Battle of Chalons. [3] 452: The Metropolis of Aquileia is destroyed by Attila and his army. 452: Pope Leo I meets in person with Attila on the Mincio River and convinces him not to ransack Rome. 453: Death of Attila. The Hunnic Empire is divided between Attila's ...