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The African clawed frog or platanna, Xenopus laevis, was first widely used in laboratories in pregnancy assays in the first half of the 20th century.When human chorionic gonadotropin, a hormone found in substantial quantities in the urine of pregnant women, is injected into a female X. laevis, it induces them to lay eggs.
The Hogben test procedure consisted of injecting a sample of women's urine into the skin on the back of the frog, specifically into the dorsal lymph sac. [16] Around 12 hours later, results could be seen. If the woman was pregnant, then the frog would be ovulating, and a small cluster of eggs could be seen at the rear end of the frog.
Prior to dissection for educational purposes, chloroform was administered to this common sand frog to induce anesthesia and death. The extent to which animal testing causes pain and suffering, and the capacity of animals to experience and comprehend them, is the subject of much debate. [166] [167]
A key principle in the dissection of human cadavers (sometimes called androtomy) is the prevention of human disease to the dissector.Prevention of transmission includes the wearing of protective gear, ensuring the environment is clean, dissection technique [2] and pre-dissection tests to specimens for the presence of HIV and hepatitis viruses. [3]
The African clawed frog (Xenopus laevis), also known as simply xenopus, African clawed toad, African claw-toed frog or the platanna) is a species of African aquatic frog of the family Pipidae. Its name is derived from the short black claws on its feet. The word Xenopus means 'strange foot' and laevis means 'smooth'.
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Dissection of a frog. Pain is an aversive sensation and feeling associated with actual, or potential, tissue damage. [1] It is widely accepted by a broad spectrum of scientists and philosophers that non-human animals can perceive pain, including pain in amphibians.
Malpighi's frog dissection in 1661, proved to be a suitable size that could be magnified to display the capillary network not seen in the larger animals. [16] In discovering and observing the capillaries in the frog's lungs, Malpighi studied the movement of the blood in a contained system. [15]