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A sialogogue (also spelled sialagogue, ptysmagogue or ptyalagogue) is a substance, especially a medication, that increases the flow rate of saliva. [1] The definition focuses on substances that promote production or secretion of saliva (proximal causation) rather than any food that is mouthwatering (distal causation that triggers proximal causation).
Artificial saliva for dry mouth in a mouthwash form. Artificial saliva or salivary substitutes refer to a synthetically produced liquid that mimics the natural secretion of saliva. It is designed as a symptomatic relief for xerostomia, a condition characterised by dryness in the mouth and is available over-the-counter.
Scopolamine, also known as hyoscine, [9] or Devil's Breath, [10] is a natural or synthetically produced tropane alkaloid and anticholinergic drug that is used as a medication to treat motion sickness [11] and postoperative nausea and vomiting. [12] [1] It is also sometimes used before surgery to decrease saliva. [1]
Stimulated salivary flow rate is calculated using a stimulant such as 10% citric acid dropped onto the tongue, and collection of all the saliva that flows from one of the parotid papillae over five or ten minutes. Unstimulated whole saliva flow rate more closely correlates with symptoms of xerostomia than stimulated salivary flow rate. [1]
Blood in saliva, vomit or urine. Cantharidin is known to cause hematemesis (vomiting of blood) and gross hematuria (blood visible in urine). It can also cause dysuria (pain while urinating).
It has also been defined as increased amount of saliva in the mouth, which may also be caused by decreased clearance of saliva. [ 4 ] Hypersalivation can contribute to drooling if there is an inability to keep the mouth closed or difficulty in swallowing (dysphagia) the excess saliva, which can lead to excessive spitting.
Sodium fluoride/malic acid (trade name Xerodent) is a type of mouthwash consisting of the teeth-strengthening sodium fluoride and the saliva stimulant malic acid. [1] It is used in xerostomia . References
Anticholinergics generally have antisialagogue effects (decreasing saliva production), and most produce some level of sedation, both being advantageous in surgical procedures. [8] [9] Until the beginning of the 20th century, anticholinergic drugs were widely used to treat psychiatric disorders. [10]