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Men tend to experience incontinence less often than women, and the structure of the male urinary tract accounts for this difference. Stress incontinence is common after prostate cancer treatments. [citation needed] While urinary incontinence affects older men more often than younger men, the onset of incontinence can happen at any age.
Urinary retention is a common disorder in elderly males. The most common cause of urinary retention is BPH. This disorder starts around age 50 and symptoms may appear after 10–15 years. BPH is a progressive disorder and narrows the neck of the bladder leading to urinary retention.
The American Urological Association reports studies showing rates as low as 7% to as high as 27% in men and rates as low as 9% to 43% in women. [1] Urge incontinence was reported as higher in women. [1] Older people are more likely to be affected, and the number of symptoms increases with age. [1]
A 2014 meta-analysis found that, for elderly males with LUTS, sitting to urinate meant there was a decrease in post-void residual volume (PVR, ml), increased maximum urinary flow (Qmax, ml/s), which is comparable with pharmacological intervention, and decreased the voiding time (VT, s). [19]
The presentations may be vague and include incontinence, a change in mental status, or fatigue as the only symptoms, [10] while some present to a health care provider with sepsis, an infection of the blood, as the first symptoms. [7] Diagnosis can be complicated by the fact that many elderly people have preexisting incontinence or dementia. [11]
In men, prostate surgery (prostatectomy, TURP, etc) and radiation therapy can damage the sphincter and cause stress incontinence. [7] Neurogenic bladder dysfunction can involve a malfunctioning urethral sphincter. [8] Urge incontinence can happen when the urethra cannot hold the urine in as the bladder contracts uncontrollably. [9]
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