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Zama zamas are illegal artisanal miners in South Africa who occupy closed or operational mines to mine for minerals such as gold, iron ore, coal, and manganese. The term zama zama loosely translates to "take a chance" in isiZulu and they use rudimentary tools and explosives for mining.
Harmony states that the dead were members of an illegal mining syndicate commonly referred to as Zama-Zamas. [2] [9] The syndicate allegedly raid Harmony's mines regularly, 'armed' with explosives. [2] However explosives are historically a necessary technology of mining; and Harmony has not related the deaths to an attack or explosion.
South Africa harbors up to 100,000 artisanal miners, known locally as “zama zamas” with most of the minerals derived from artisanal mining “sold to the black market, and international ...
The Stilfontein gold mine in North West Province was once a major gold producer but ceased operations in 2013. [4] [5] Since its closure, it has been a site for illicit mining activity, with artisanal miners (known locally as zama zamas attempting to extract remaining gold deposits in the abandoned shafts. [6]
Two former company executives with inside knowledge of Barrick Gold's operations in West Africa are helping to drive Mali's demands for a payment of around $200 million from the Canadian miner ...
Illegal gold miners, commonly referred to as "zama zamas", operate in abandoned mine shafts and use the empty gas cylinders, known as "phendukas", to process the stolen ore. The cylinders, often stolen, are first drained of gas, then cut open so that ore can be placed in them along with a steel ball which crushes the ore as the cylinder is rotated.
hydrologic impact of (i) the proposed CCW deposit and (ii) all other surface coal mining and reclamation operations in the pertinent cumulative impact area, (b) appropriate criteria for determining material damage to the hydrologic balance outside the permit area, including at a
In Kosovo, a state-owned energy company plans to destroy a village to make way for expanded coal mining as the government and the World Bank plan for a proposed coal-burning power plant. The government has already forced roughly 1,000 residents from their homes. Many former residents claim officials violated World Bank policy requiring borrowers to restore their living conditions at equal or ...