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Packet Tracer is commonly used by NetAcad students, since it is available to download after creating a free account. [10] However, due to functional limitations, it is intended by Cisco to be used only as a learning aid, not a replacement for Cisco routers and switches . [ 9 ]
Exceptions include some Cisco Catalyst switches, which run IOS XE, and Cisco ASR routers, which run either IOS XE or IOS XR; both are Linux-based operating systems. For data center environments, Cisco Nexus switches ( Ethernet ) and Cisco MDS switches ( Fibre Channel ) both run Cisco NX-OS , also a Linux-based operating system.
IOS XE is a release train of Cisco Systems' widely deployed Internetworking Operating System (IOS), introduced with the ASR 1000 series. [2]It is built on Linux [3] [4] and provides a distributed software architecture that moves many operating system responsibilities out of the IOS process [5] [6] and has a copy of IOS running as a separate process. [7]
X.25 is an ITU-T standard protocol suite for packet-switched data communication in wide area networks (WAN). It was originally defined by the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee (CCITT, now ITU-T) in a series of drafts and finalized in a publication known as The Orange Book in 1976.
A packet generator or packet builder is a type of software that generates random packets or allows the user to construct detailed custom packets. Depending on the network medium and operating system, packet generators utilize raw sockets , NDIS function calls, or direct access to the network adapter kernel-mode driver .
Portage and emerge are used by Gentoo Linux, Funtoo Linux, and Sabayon Linux. It is inspired by the BSD ports system and uses text based "ebuilds" to automatically download, customize, build, and update packages from source code. It has automatic dependency checking and allows multiple versions of a software package to be installed into ...
According to Cisco's product literature, IOS XR shares very little infrastructure with the other IOS trains, and is instead built upon a "preemptive, memory protected, multitasking, microkernel-based operating system". [1] The microkernel was formerly provided by QNX; [2] versions 6.0 up to 7.5.2 use the Wind River Linux distribution. [3]
On 28 April 2001, IPoAC was implemented by the Bergen Linux user group, under the name CPIP (for Carrier Pigeon Internet Protocol). [4] They sent nine packets over a distance of approximately 5 km (3 mi), each carried by an individual pigeon and containing one ping ( ICMP echo request ), and received four responses.