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from 2nd battery and 12/24 V relay: 31 return to battery- or direct to ground 31a return to battery- 12/24 V relay 31b return to battery- or ground through switch 85d 31c return to battery- 12/24 V relay 31, 31a Electric motors; 32 return 31 33 main terminal (swap of 32 and 33 is possible) 30 33a limit 33b field 54e 33f 2. slow rpm: 33g 3. slow ...
The first starting and charging systems were designed to be 6-volt and positive-ground systems, with the vehicle's chassis directly connected to the positive battery terminal. [10] Today, almost all road vehicles have a negative ground system. [11] The negative battery terminal is connected to the car's chassis.
From left: IEC Type 1/SAE J1772 inlet; Tesla NACS outlet; IEC Type 2 connector outlet IEC 62196 Plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets – Conductive charging of electric vehicles is a series of international standards that define requirements and tests for plugs, socket-outlets, vehicle connectors and vehicle inlets for conductive charging of electric vehicles and is ...
The international standard IEC 60446 Basic and safety principles for man-machine interface, marking and identification - Identification of equipment terminals, conductor terminations and conductors was a standard published by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) that defined basic safety principles for identifying electrical conductors by colours or numerals, for example in ...
SAE J1772, also known as a J plug or Type 1 connector after its international standard, IEC 62196 Type 1, is a North American standard for electrical connectors for electric vehicles maintained by SAE International under the formal title "SAE Surface Vehicle Recommended Practice J1772, SAE Electric Vehicle Conductive Charge Coupler".
IEC 61851 is an international standard for electric vehicle conductive charging systems, parts of which are currently still under development (written 2017). IEC 61851 is one of the International Electrotechnical Commission 's group of standards for electric road vehicles and electric industrial trucks and is the responsibility of IEC Technical ...
General Motors, and other automobile manufacturers, have also begun using side-post battery terminals, which consist of two recessed female 3/8" threads (SAE 3/8-16) into which bolts or various battery terminal adapters are to be attached. These side posts are of the same size and do not prevent incorrect polarity connections.
Corrosion of a battery's terminals can be reduced by coating the terminals with petroleum jelly or a commercially available product made for the purpose. [44] If the battery is overfilled with water and electrolyte, then thermal expansion can force some of the liquid out of the battery vents onto the top of the battery.