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Korean pronouns pose some difficulty to speakers of English due to their complexity. The Korean language makes extensive use of speech levels and honorifics in its grammar, and Korean pronouns also change depending on the social distinction between the speaker and the person or persons spoken to.
Korean is the native language for about 81 million people, mostly of Korean descent. [a] [1] [3] It is the national language of both North Korea and South Korea.In the north, the language is known as Chosŏnŏ (North Korean: 조선어) and in the south, its known as Hangugeo (South Korean: 한국어).
The word 동무 tongmu/dongmu that is used to mean "friend" in the North was originally used across the whole of Korea, but after the division of Korea, North Korea began to use it as a translation of the Russian term товарищ (friend, comrade), and since then, the word has come to mean "comrade" in the South as well and has fallen out of ...
V The syntactic moods, for lack of a better term, are the indicative-nun 는-neun,-ni 니, or n ㄴ; the retrospective (imperfective) -ten 던-deon, ti 디-di, or t ㄷ-d-; and the subjunctive si 시-si or s ㅅ. None of these are used in the casual or intimate styles, and the formal plain indicative declarative can only occur in the gnomic tense.
Basic Korean Dictionary (Korean: 한국어기초사전; Hanja: 韓國語基礎辭典) is an online learner's dictionary of the Korean language, launched on 5 October 2016 by the National Institute of Korean Language. [1]
"history" (歷史) – North Korea: ryŏksa (력사), South Korea: yeoksa (역사) This rule also extends to ㄴ n in many native and all Sino-Korean words, which is also lost before initial /i/ and /j/ in South Korean; again, North Korean preserves the [n] phoneme there. "female" (女子) – North Korea: nyŏja (녀자), South Korea: yeoja ...
North Korea's approach to vocabulary management, consisting of maintenance, distribution, and control, is executed based on a centralized, top-down policy, which fundamentally differs from South Korea's approach. [6] Vocabulary maintenance in North Korea principally targets words of foreign origin, classified into Sino-Korean words and loan words.
The age of each other, including the slight age difference, affects whether or not to use honorifics. Korean language speakers in South Korea and North Korea, except in very intimate situations, use different honorifics depending on whether the other person's year of birth is one year or more older, or the same year, or one year or more younger.