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Bradycardia, also called bradyarrhythmia, is a resting heart rate under 60 beats per minute (BPM). [1] While bradycardia can result from various pathological processes, it is commonly a physiological response to cardiovascular conditioning or due to asymptomatic type 1 atrioventricular block.
Rhythm strip of sinus bradycardia at 50 bpm. Sinus bradycardia is commonly seen in normal healthy persons and athletes in the absence of pathophysiological diseases or conditions. [1] Different factors or etiologies could lead to the dysfunction of the sinus node, causing a malformation or prolongation of the impulse.
Often sinus node dysfunction produces no symptoms, especially early in the disease course. Signs and symptoms usually appear in more advanced disease and more than 50% of patients will present with syncope or transient near-fainting spells as well as bradycardias that are accompanied by rapid heart rhythms, referred to as tachycardia-bradycardia syndrome [4] [5] Other presenting signs or ...
The causes listed are relatively immediate medical causes, but the ultimate cause of death might be described differently. For example, tobacco smoking often causes lung disease or cancer, and alcohol use disorder can cause liver failure or a motor vehicle accident. For statistics on preventable ultimate causes, see preventable causes of death.
Sudden cardiac death is the cause of about half of deaths due to cardiovascular disease and about 15% of all deaths globally. [12] About 80% of sudden cardiac death is the result of ventricular arrhythmias. [12] Arrhythmias may occur at any age but are more common among older people. [4]
Resting heart rate is often correlated with mortality. In the Copenhagen City Heart Study a heart rate of 65 bpm rather than 80 bpm was associated with 4.6 years longer life expectancy in men and 3.6 years in women. [27] Other studies have shown all-cause mortality is increased by 1.22 (hazard ratio) when heart rate exceeds 90 beats per minute. [7]
It also found: “Accredited households aged 80 and older are more than 80% less likely than unaccredited investors aged 60-64 to have high financial literacy scores.
The subsequent discussion of symptoms that can be associated with bradycardia is appropriate and further helps outline why bradycardia may be problematic to the patient. 2. Your discussion of normal cardiac conductance is essential to the discussion of bradycardia. Your section does a great job of describing the system in understandable terms.