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Another unit of activity is the rutherford, which is defined as 1 × 10 6 radioactive decays per second. The specific activity should not be confused with level of exposure to ionizing radiation and thus the exposure or absorbed dose, which is the quantity important in assessing the effects of ionizing radiation on humans.
It was originally defined as "the quantity or mass of radium emanation in equilibrium with one gram of radium (element)", [1] but is currently defined as 1 Ci = 3.7 × 10 10 decays per second [4] after more accurate measurements of the activity of 226 Ra (which has a specific activity of 3.66 × 10 10 Bq/g [5]).
The following table shows radiation quantities in SI and non-SI units. W R (formerly 'Q' factor) is a factor that scales the biological effect for different types of radiation, relative to x-rays (e.g. 1 for beta radiation, 20 for alpha radiation, and a complicated function of energy for neutrons). In general, conversion between rates of ...
Counts is the number of events detected, but dose rate relates to the amount of ionising energy deposited in the sensor of the radiation detector. The conversion calculation is dependent on the radiation energy levels, the type of radiation being detected and the radiometric characteristic of the detector. [1]
Total activity (or just activity), A, is the number of decays per unit time of a radioactive sample. Number of particles, N, in the sample. Specific activity, a, is the number of decays per unit time per amount of substance of the sample at time set to zero (t = 0). "Amount of substance" can be the mass, volume or moles of the initial sample.
The BED is the third from the top in the blue section (from Randall Munroe, 2011 [3]) Approximate doses of radiation in Flight-time equivalent dose from daily life activities. The radiation exposure from consuming a banana is approximately 1% of the average daily exposure to radiation, which is 100 banana equivalent doses (BED).
Absorbed dose is a dose quantity which is the measure of the energy deposited in matter by ionizing radiation per unit mass.Absorbed dose is used in the calculation of dose uptake in living tissue in both radiation protection (reduction of harmful effects), and radiology (potential beneficial effects, for example in cancer treatment).
That model calculates an effective radiation dose, measured in units of rem, which is more representative of the stochastic risk than the absorbed dose in rad. In most power plant scenarios, where the radiation environment is dominated by X-or gamma rays applied uniformly to the whole body, 1 rad of absorbed dose gives 1 rem of effective dose. [5]
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