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Electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG or ENi/IAu), also known as immersion gold (Au), chemical Ni/Au or soft gold, is a metal plating process used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards (PCBs), to avoid oxidation and improve the solderability of copper contacts and plated through-holes.
The gold is typically applied by quick immersion in a solution containing gold salts. This process is known in the industry as electroless nickel immersion gold (ENIG). A variant of this process adds a thin layer of electroless palladium over the nickel, a process known by the acronym ENEPIG. [19]
Nickel electroforming has nickel plating applied for fabrication of nickel products. For example, nickel can be deposited onto a mandrel and then lifted off the latter, creating a nickel-only part. [8] Nickel is also used as an undercoat for chrome or gold plating, as it improves adhesion and the longevity of the final layer.
It can be used on copper and its alloys, silver, nickel, iron, gold. The color depends on the duration of immersion, the sequence of colors on brass: Golden yellow-copper-purple-dark, blue-light, blue-chrome-nickel-red-grey, blue, and gray-black to iron or carbon steel. [32]
Electroless deposition is an important process in the electronic industry for metallization of substrates. Other metallization of substrates also include physical vapor deposition (PVD), chemical vapor deposition (CVD), and electroplating which produce thin metal films but require high temperature, vacuum, and a power source respectively. [19]
SHANGHAI/BERLIN (Reuters) -Mercedes-Benz is betting on China's Momenta to help it win back market share in the world's biggest auto market, with plans for fresh investment and at least four future ...
Soft, pure gold plating is used in the semiconductor industry. The gold layer is easily soldered and wire bonded. Its Knoop hardness ranges between 60 and 85. The plating baths have to be kept free of contamination. Soft, pure gold is deposited from special electrolytes. Entire printed circuit boards can be plated. This technology can be used ...
If Chicago strings some wins together to finish this season, it wouldn't be difficult to imagine the Bears keeping him around. However, most teams don't look to keep interim coaches; instead, they ...