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The English Revolution is a term that has been used to describe two separate events in English history.Prior to the 20th century, it was generally applied to the 1688 Glorious Revolution, when James II was deposed and a constitutional monarchy established under William III and Mary II.
The Glorious Revolution [a], also known as The Revolution of 1688, was the deposition of James II and VII in November 1688. He was replaced by his daughter Mary II and her Dutch husband, William III of Orange , a nephew of James who thereby had an interest to the throne irrespective of his marriage to Mary, his first cousin.
The major Whig historian, S. R. Gardiner, popularised the idea that the English Civil War was a "Puritan Revolution" [193] that challenged the repressive Stuart Church and prepared the way for religious toleration. Thus, Puritanism was seen as the natural ally of a people preserving their traditional rights against arbitrary monarchical power.
The Commonwealth of England was the political structure during the period from 1649 to 1660 when England and Wales, later along with Ireland and Scotland, [1] were governed as a republic after the end of the Second English Civil War and the trial and execution of Charles I.
Marxist historiography used the term to cover the period of the English Civil Wars and Commonwealth period (1642–1660), while seeing the Glorious Revolution of 1688 as part of the same revolutionary movement. Whig history used the term exclusively for the Glorious Revolution and the consequent establishment of a constitutional monarchy.
This was the beginning of colonialism by England in North America. Many English settled then in North America for religious or economic reasons. Approximately 70% of English immigrants to North America who came between 1630 and 1660 were indentured servants.
The French noun revolucion traces back to the 13th century, and the English equivalent "revolution" to the late 14th century. The word was limited then to mean the revolving motion of celestial bodies. "Revolution" in the sense of abrupt change in a social order was first recorded in the mid-15th century.
This could be described as the time when the English Nation was reinvented, after two centuries of Franco-Norman subjugation. Volume 1 takes the story back to the foundation of the first English kingdoms, the heptarchy: Kent, Northumberland, East Anglia, Mercia, Essex, Sussex, and Wessex; and to the Romano-Welsh imperium these kingdoms supplanted.