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The endosteum (pl.: endostea) is a thin vascular membrane of connective tissue that lines the inner surface of the bony tissue that forms the medullary cavity of long bones. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This endosteal surface is usually resorbed during long periods of malnutrition , resulting in less cortical thickness.
The definition of life has long been a challenge for scientists and philosophers. [2] [3] [4] This is partially because life is a process, not a substance. [5] [6] [7] This is complicated by a lack of knowledge of the characteristics of living entities, if any, that may have developed outside Earth.
Bone resorption is resorption of bone tissue, that is, the process by which osteoclasts break down the tissue in bones [1] and release the minerals, resulting in a transfer of calcium from bone tissue to the blood.
Tartrate resistant acid phosphatase positive osteoclast in cell culture Illustrated cross-section of an activated osteoclast. An osteoclast is a large multinucleated cell and human osteoclasts on bone typically have four nuclei [5] and are 150–200 μm in diameter.
Osteoblasts are found in large numbers in the periosteum, the thin connective tissue layer on the outside surface of bones, and in the endosteum. Normally, almost all of the bone matrix, in the air breathing vertebrates, is mineralized by the osteoblasts. Before the organic matrix is mineralized, it is called the osteoid.
Other types of tissue found in bones include marrow, endosteum, periosteum, nerves, blood vessels and cartilage. Bone is an active tissue composed of different cells. Osteoblasts are involved in the creation and mineralisation of bone; osteocytes and osteoclasts are involved in the reabsorption of bone tissue.
What Is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell is a 1944 science book written for the lay reader by physicist Erwin Schrödinger . The book was based on a course of public lectures delivered by Schrödinger in February 1943, under the auspices of the Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies , where he was Director of Theoretical Physics, at ...
Volkmann's canals, also known as perforating holes or channels, are anatomic arrangements in cortical bones that allow blood vessels to enter the bones from periosteum.They interconnect the Haversian canals (running inside osteons) with each other and the periosteum.