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Porolepiformes is an order of prehistoric lobe-finned fish which lived during the Devonian period (about 416 to 359 million years ago). They are thought to represent the sister group to lungfish (class Dipnoi). [1] The group contains two families: Holoptychiidae and Porolepididae.
Rhipidistia includes Porolepiformes and Dipnoi. Extensive fossilization of lungfishes has contributed to many evolutionary studies of this group. Evolution of autostylic jaw suspension, in which the palatoquadrate bone fuses to the cranium, and the lymph pumping " lymph heart " (later lost in mammals and flying birds ), are unique to this group.
Lungfish are freshwater vertebrates belonging to the class Dipnoi. [1] Lungfish are best known for retaining ancestral characteristics within the Osteichthyes , including the ability to breathe air, and ancestral structures within Sarcopterygii , including the presence of lobed fins with a well-developed internal skeleton.
Gnathorhiza is an extinct genus of prehistoric lobe-finned fish (lungfish) which lived from the Carboniferous period to the Early Triassic epoch. [1] It is the only known lungfish genus to have crossed the Permo-Triassic boundary. Several species have been described, ranging in size from 5 to 50 centimeters. [2]
The South American lungfish (Lepidosiren paradoxa), also known as the American mud-fish [6] and scaly salamanderfish, [7] is the single species of lungfish found in swamps and slow-moving waters of the Amazon, Paraguay, and lower Paraná River basins in South America. [8]
Laccognathus are classified under the family Holoptychiidae in the extinct order Porolepiformes. [5] They are not direct ancestors of tetrapods like the clade Tetrapodomorpha, but instead belong to the clade Dipnomorpha. Their closest living relatives are the members of the subclass Dipnoi (lungfish). [6] [7]
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Neoceratodus is a genus of lungfish in the family Neoceratodontidae.The extant Australian lungfish (Neoceratodus forsteri) is the only surviving member of this genus, but it was formerly much more widespread, being distributed throughout Africa, Australia, and South America. [1]