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  2. Area density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Area_density

    A special type of area density is called column density (also columnar mass density or simply column density), denoted ρ A or σ. It is the mass of substance per unit area integrated along a path; [ 1 ] It is obtained integrating volumetric density ρ {\displaystyle \rho } over a column: [ 2 ] σ = ∫ ρ d s . {\displaystyle \sigma =\int \rho ...

  3. Number density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_density

    Column number density is a kind of areal density, the number or count of a substance per unit area, obtained integrating volumetric number density along a vertical path: ′ =. It's related to column mass density , with the volumetric number density replaced by the volume mass density.

  4. Column density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/?title=Column_density&redirect=no

    Pages for logged out editors learn more. Contributions; Talk; Column density

  5. Dense set - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_set

    In topology and related areas of mathematics, a subset A of a topological space X is said to be dense in X if every point of X either belongs to A or else is arbitrarily "close" to a member of A — for instance, the rational numbers are a dense subset of the real numbers because every real number either is a rational number or has a rational number arbitrarily close to it (see Diophantine ...

  6. Density - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Density

    The density of an ideal gas is =, where M is the molar mass, P is the pressure, R is the universal gas constant, and T is the absolute temperature. This means that the density of an ideal gas can be doubled by doubling the pressure, or by halving the absolute temperature.

  7. Matrix (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)

    For example, a 2,1 represents the element at the second row and first column of the matrix. In mathematics, a matrix (pl.: matrices) is a rectangular array or table of numbers, symbols, or expressions, with elements or entries arranged in rows and columns, which is used to represent a mathematical object or property of such an object.

  8. Histogram - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histogram

    The correlated variation of a kernel density estimate is very difficult to describe mathematically, while it is simple for a histogram where each bin varies independently. An alternative to kernel density estimation is the average shifted histogram, [8] which is fast to compute and gives a smooth curve estimate of the density without using kernels.

  9. Sparse matrix - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sparse_matrix

    CSC is similar to CSR except that values are read first by column, a row index is stored for each value, and column pointers are stored. For example, CSC is (val, row_ind, col_ptr) , where val is an array of the (top-to-bottom, then left-to-right) non-zero values of the matrix; row_ind is the row indices corresponding to the values; and, col ...