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A delta ray is a secondary electron with enough energy to escape a significant distance away from the primary radiation beam and produce further ionization. [ 1 ] : 25 The term is sometimes used to describe any recoil particle caused by secondary ionization .
The Delta states discussed here are only the lowest-mass quantum excitations of the proton and neutron. At higher spins , additional higher mass Delta states appear, all defined by having constant 3 / 2 or 1 / 2 isospin (depending on charge), but with spin 3 / 2 , 5 / 2 , 7 / 2 , ..., 11 / 2 ...
In hadron collider physics, the rapidity (or pseudorapidity) is preferred over the polar angle because, loosely speaking, particle production is constant as a function of rapidity, and because differences in rapidity are Lorentz invariant under boosts along the longitudinal axis: they transform additively, similar to velocities in Galilean ...
Electrophysiology (from Greek ἥλεκτ, ēlektron, "amber" [see the etymology of "electron"]; φύσις, physis, "nature, origin"; and -λογία, -logia) is the branch of physiology that studies the electrical properties of biological cells and tissues.
In particle physics, a resonance is the peak located around a certain energy found in differential cross sections of scattering experiments. These peaks are associated with subatomic particles , which include a variety of bosons , quarks and hadrons (such as nucleons , delta baryons or upsilon mesons ) and their excitations .
In many problems of plasma physics, it is not useful to calculate the electric potential on the basis of the Poisson equation because the electron and ion densities are not known a priori, and if they were, because of quasineutrality the net charge density is the small difference of two large quantities, the electron and ion charge densities ...
To explain each part of the terminology, "scattering" refers to the deflection of leptons (electron, muon, etc.) off of hadrons. Measuring the angles of deflection gives information about the nature of the process. "Inelastic" means that the target absorbs some kinetic energy. In fact, at the very high energies of leptons used, the target is ...
In atomic physics, hyperfine structure is defined by small shifts in otherwise degenerate electronic energy levels and the resulting splittings in those electronic energy levels of atoms, molecules, and ions, due to electromagnetic multipole interaction between the nucleus and electron clouds.