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  2. Toxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicity

    Toxicity is the degree to which a chemical substance or a particular mixture of substances can damage an organism. [1] Toxicity can refer to the effect on a whole organism, such as an animal, bacterium, or plant, as well as the effect on a substructure of the organism, such as a cell (cytotoxicity) or an organ such as the liver (hepatotoxicity).

  3. Toxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicology

    Toxicology is a scientific discipline, overlapping with biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine, that involves the study of the adverse effects of chemical substances on living organisms [1] and the practice of diagnosing and treating exposures to toxins and toxicants.

  4. Toxin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxin

    The Amanita muscaria mushroom, an iconic toxic mushroom. A toxin is a naturally occurring poison [1] produced by metabolic activities of living cells or organisms. [2] They occur especially as proteins, often conjugated. [3] The term was first used by organic chemist Ludwig Brieger (1849–1919), [4] derived from toxic.

  5. Poison - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison

    In biology, a poison is a chemical substance causing death, injury or harm to organisms or their parts. ... The derivative forms "toxic" and "poisonous" are synonymous.

  6. Environmental toxicology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicology

    Overview of the interdisciplinarity of environmental toxicology Categories of organisms commonly used for assessing environmental toxicity. Environmental toxicology is a multidisciplinary field of science concerned with the study of the harmful effects of various chemical, biological and physical agents on living organisms.

  7. Cytotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cytotoxicity

    Cytotoxicity is the quality of being toxic to cells. Examples of toxic agents are toxic metals, toxic chemicals, microbe neurotoxins, radiation particles and even specific neurotransmitters when the system is out of balance.

  8. Neurotoxicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotoxicity

    Neurotoxicity is a form of toxicity in which a biological, chemical, or physical agent produces an adverse effect on the structure or function of the central and/or peripheral nervous system. [1] It occurs when exposure to a substance – specifically, a neurotoxin or neurotoxicant – alters the normal activity of the nervous system in such a ...

  9. Toxicology testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toxicology_testing

    Toxicology testing, also known as safety assessment, or toxicity testing, is the process of determining the degree to which a substance of interest negatively impacts the normal biological functions of an organism, given a certain exposure duration, route of exposure, and substance concentration.